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name="C-TOC" |
C-TOC Literature Review |
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J. Goodman, A. Syme, and R. Eisma, "Older Adults' Use of Computers. A Survey," Proceedings of HCI 2003, 2003, pp. 12-15. |
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- survey of 353 participants over 50.y.o. - highlights importance of simplicity and application's perceived usefulness;
- method: assessed reasons for using a computer, types of computer applications used, freq. with which they were used;
- for those with computers at home, 28% were obtained second-hand, older models, mostly PCs; when asked to provide details about their computer, only vague information given; majority rely on friends and family to choose computers for them;
- reasons for use: shopping, family research / correspondence, internet: information access, research, shopping, email, word-processing;
- from most to least popular in terms of application use: word-proc, internet, email, spreadsheets, databases, games, photos, music, other
- games played by 47% of respondents (Solitaire)
- how they learned to use computer, aside from computer classes: courses, work, self-taught, relative/friend;
- self-teaching most common in USA, % of self-taught users increases w/ age
- problems w/ computer use: documentation (too much jargon, inadequate support);
- computer-literate population may not in general have a great deal of technical knowledge - complaints about complexity and jargon
- use of internet and email decline w/ age, among internet users, popularity of email increases with age in some surveys
- what do older people want in computer applications? most applications have obvious practical purpose; many participants motivated by perceived practical use of computer applications;
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| | [Ball 02]
K. Ball, D.B. Bersch, K.F. Helmers, J.B. Jobe, M.D. Leveck, M. Marsiske, J.N. Morris, G.W. Rebok, D.M. Smith, S.L. Tennstedt, F.W. Unverzagt, and S.L. Willis, "Effect of cognitive training interventions with older adults," Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 288, 2002, pp. 2271-2281. |
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- comment: Rock sent this article - a journal paper on working with older adults
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- HCI research rarely reflects demographic reality; important to offer techniques to researchers for attracting, retaining, and working w/ older adults; few guidelines exist to support researchers in devising appropriate methods for carrying out usability studies;
- lifestyle:
- wider range of educational levels, low literacy levels, many w/ no formal educational qualifications
- cannot be assumed older adults are familiar w/ experimental techniques; silence and concentration are expected; language in consent forms, info sheets, exp. instructions must be straightforward and free of jargon; time estimates for reading must be generous, offer verbal instructions;
- consider varying amounts of free time among older people - range of activity levels, may influence cognitive function (i.e. bereaved partners)
- many have never used the internet; little or no direct experience w/ computers and internet;
- sensory / cognitive changes
- visual and auditory perception, fine motor control, memory and cognition may be affected;
- superior social skills - likely to involve experimenter
- mobility issues - temporary or permanent
- experimental design and methodologies
- provide more time, explanation, reassurance than typical HCI experiment would allow;
- may have uncertainty about appropriate behaviours; companions should not interfere / interrupt; participants may try to involve experimenter
- wary about cognitive testing - age-related memory deficits - useful in ensuring equivalence between experimental groups - participants must be aware that failure is normal and expected; stress and worry can have a very negative effect on subsequent performance; hearing loss also likely to confuse, difficult to hear instructions; experimenters should not adopt stereotypical expectations about older adults' cognition
- self-reporting: age-related processing capacity can reduce this technique with older users - confusion is often general, poorly articulated, and non-specific; inexperienced older participants may perceive difficulties as related to the keyboard; concept of alternative interfaces not easily understood;
- thinking aloud - difficult in lab settings w/ older users - those w/ cog. impairments struggle w/ unfamiliar interfaces - thinking aloud interferes w/ completion of exp. task; diversity of older participants: some provide excellent data when thinking aloud;
- retrospective think aloud also limited (memory issues); think aloud description w/ re-presentation of the stimuli must be considered as contributing to user learning, therefor potentially confounding experimental results;
- "tell-me-what-you-did" also limited - processing and memory difficulties - little remembered of recent procedures; older participants hardly remembered processes accurately until they had repeated them several times;
- user diaries...
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| | [Additional references to follow-up on]
Possible IDRG papers? |
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- D.D. Salvucci, N.A. Taatgen, and J.P. Borst, "Toward a unified theory of the multitasking continuum: From concurrent performance to task switching, interruption, and resumption," CHI 2009, 2009, pp. 1819-1828.
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| | CPSC 544 Topic Presentation & Paper: Universal Usability - Healthy Older Adults (10/13/09)
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