Ducky's Paper for History of the Book
It needs to be 10pp, due 28 Nov.
Assertions:
- written Arabic is different from spoken Arabic
- Arab culture discourages most art forms, leaving calligraphy as its highest(?) form
- literacy is low in Arabic-speaking countries
- literacy went up in Turkey after switching to modified Latin alphabet
- from 9 per cent in 1975 to 82.3 % in 1995. -- Lewis, Turkish catastrophe book
- caveat: huge educational push at same time, language reform (toss borrow-words), Arabic ill-suited to Turkish
- number of books published in Arabic is low http://www.uis.unesco.org/TEMPLATE/html/CultAndCom/Table_IV_6_Asia.html
* Jordan 511 new titles 1996, population 5,759,732 (July 2005 est.) * Switzerland new titles 15,271 in 1996, population 7,489,370 (July 2005 est.) * Lebanon, Iraq not listed in table * Switzerland from 1996 CIA factbook http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact96/239.htm,total
pop 7,207,060 , literacy 99% * Jordan 4,212,152 from 1996 CIA factbook http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact96/135.htm
, literacy 86.6%
- paper consumption is low http://www.uis.unesco.org/TEMPLATE/html/CultAndCom/Table_IV_S_2.html
- writing paper consumption Arab 1997 states: , 2.1 kg per capita vs. 42 in America, 36 in Europe; 1970 consumption Arab states 0.5 vs US 22.1.
- newsprint consumption 1997 Arab states: 1.0 kg/person vs. 18 US, 13.1 Europe
- Literacy, from 2005 CIA World Factbook
- Switzerland 99% (1980 est)
- Jordan 91.3%
- Saudi Arabia 78.8%
- Syria 76.9%
- Lebanon 87.4%
- Kuwait 83.5%
- Egypt 57.7%
- Morroco 51.7%
- Mexico 92.2%
- Koran oral
- Koran not translated into vernacular
- British fired all Ottoman printers
- Lebanese civil war
- typography is a PITA (look up Thom's paper)
- Sharia is oral law (Messick?)
- typography: start and stop lines different
- type expensive
- multiple letterforms
- LOTS of ligatures
- vowel points
- General paper on Arabic
, lots of yummy refs, says MSA is lingua franca (local copy on slug
)
- http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:MjN_bR3LUIoJ:www.nclrc.org/nectfl04ls.pdf+written+spoken+arabic+dialect
- strategies of learning Arabic, says MSA intelligible to most but only educated can speak it
- text-to-speech paper, lots of yummy info poorly cited http://scholar.google.com/url?sa=U&q=http://www.amideast.org/publications/arabic-language.pdf
- http://www.springerlink.com/(xnucyy452wc3v1fejtifig45)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,5,5;journal,41,53;linkingpublicationresults,1:104271,1
- better comprehension with vowelpoints than without -- local arabicStudentsWithVowels.pdf
- http://www.springerlink.com/(jmwvvszstby2szuxhv2dwr55)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,6,7;journal,50,53;linkingpublicationresults,1:104271,1
- more accurate reading with vowelpoints than without -- local arabicAccuracyVowels.pdf
- reformation in Turkey (alas, wrong date)
local copy
- Arabic Typography KOERNER LIBRARY stacks Z251.A6 A24 2001
- The Turkish language reform : a catastrophic success / Geoffrey Lewis. Koerner PL115 .L47 1999
Elizabeth Eisenstein recommends:
- Technology and Religious Change: Islam and the Impact of Print
, Francis Robinson, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1, Special Issue: How Social, Political and Cultural Information Is Collected, Defined, Used and Analyzed. (Feb., 1993), pp. 229-251. -- local copy on slug
also listed as Francis Robinson, "Technology and Religious Change: Islam and rhe Impact of Print," MODERN ASIAN STUDIES Vol 27 (Feb 1993) 229-251 and
- Juan R.I.Cole,"Printing and Urban Islam..." MODERNITY AND CULTURE ...ed. Leila Tarazi Fawaz, et.al. (Columbia U,2001) KOERNER DS57 .M63 2002 ON REQUEST
Thomas Milo's work:
- Authentic Arabic
-- local copy decotype.html
- http://www.decotype.com/AlKumbyuutar_cover_story.pdf
(local copy) -- mostly in Arabic, but with some technical discussion in English(?)
- Tom mentioned something about the April issue of the Leiden academic journal Bibliotheca Orientalis
- case studies
-- with links to his PDFs; this is from 18th Unicode conference -- Authentic Arabic: A Case Study. Right-to-Left Font Structure, Font Design, and Typography, cited by M Thomas - Manuscripta Orientalia, 2002