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---+ Ducky's Paper for History of the Book
It needs to be 10pp, due 28 Nov.

Assertions:
   * written Arabic is different from spoken Arabic
   * Arab culture discourages most art forms, leaving calligraphy as its highest(?) form
   * literacy is low in Arabic-speaking countries
      * literacy went up in Turkey after switching to modified Latin alphabet
         * from 9 per cent in 1975 to 82.3 % in 1995. -- Lewis, Turkish catastrophe book
      * caveat: huge educational push at same time, language reform (toss borrow-words), Arabic ill-suited to Turkish
   * number of books published in Arabic is low http://www.uis.unesco.org/TEMPLATE/html/CultAndCom/Table_IV_6_Asia.html
     * Jordan 511 new titles 1996, population 5,759,732 (July 2005 est.)
     * Switzerland new titles 15,271 in 1996, population  7,489,370 (July 2005 est.)
     * Lebanon, Iraq not listed in table
     * Switzerland from 1996 CIA factbook http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact96/239.htm,total pop  7,207,060 , literacy 99%
     * Jordan 4,212,152 from 1996 CIA factbook http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact96/135.htm, literacy 86.6%
   * paper consumption is low http://www.uis.unesco.org/TEMPLATE/html/CultAndCom/Table_IV_S_2.html
      * writing paper consumption Arab 1997 states: ,  2.1 kg per capita vs. 42 in America, 36 in Europe; 1970 consumption Arab states 0.5 vs US 22.1.
      * newsprint consumption 1997 Arab states: 1.0 kg/person vs. 18 US, 13.1 Europe

   * Literacy, from 2005 CIA World Factbook
      * Switzerland 99% (1980 est)
      * Jordan  91.3% 
      * Saudi Arabia  78.8% 
      * Syria  76.9%
      * Lebanon 87.4%
      * Kuwait 83.5%
      * Egypt  57.7% 
      * Morroco  51.7%
      * Mexico 92.2%
     
   * Koran oral
   * Koran not translated into vernacular
   * British fired all Ottoman printers
   * Lebanese civil war
   * typography is a PITA (look up Thom's paper)
   * Sharia is oral law (Messick?)
   * typography: start and stop lines different
   * type expensive
      * multiple letterforms
      * LOTS of ligatures
      * vowel points
   

   * [[http://www.amideast.org/publications/arabic-language.pdf ][General paper on Arabic]], lots of yummy refs, says MSA is lingua franca ([[file:///home/ducky/mnt/slug/ducky/school/ubc/libr548f/arabic-language.pdf][local copy on slug]])
   * http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:MjN_bR3LUIoJ:www.nclrc.org/nectfl04ls.pdf+written+spoken+arabic+dialect
      * strategies of learning Arabic, says MSA intelligible to most but only educated can speak it
   * text-to-speech paper, lots of yummy info poorly cited http://scholar.google.com/url?sa=U&q=http://www.amideast.org/publications/arabic-language.pdf
   * http://www.springerlink.com/(xnucyy452wc3v1fejtifig45)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,5,5;journal,41,53;linkingpublicationresults,1:104271,1
      * better comprehension with vowelpoints than without -- local arabicStudentsWithVowels.pdf 
   * http://www.springerlink.com/(jmwvvszstby2szuxhv2dwr55)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,6,7;journal,50,53;linkingpublicationresults,1:104271,1
      * more accurate reading with vowelpoints than without -- local arabicAccuracyVowels.pdf
   * [[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bpl/mepo/2004/00000011/00000001/art00007][reformation in Turkey (alas, wrong date)]] [[file:///home/ducky/mnt/slug/ducky/school/ubc/libr548f/NursiGulenReformation.pdf][local copy]]

   * [[http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/(jqql2455wuo2lt55estak3y4)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,3,6;journal,5,11;linkingpublicationresults,1:108538,1][THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN THE FORMATION OF TURKISH NATIONAL IDENTITY AND TURKISHNESS]] -- interesting stuff about history of language reform in Turkey

   * Arabic Typography KOERNER LIBRARY stacks Z251.A6 A24 2001
   *  The Turkish language reform : a catastrophic success / Geoffrey Lewis.  Koerner PL115 .L47 1999

Elizabeth Eisenstein recommends:
   * [[http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/0026749x/ap020105/02a00080/0?frame=noframe&dpi=3&userID=80bd87f5@ubc.ca/01cce4403500501ab585d&backcontext=page&backurl=/cgi-bin/jstor/viewitem/0026749x/ap020105/02a00080/0%3fframe%3dnoframe%26dpi%3d3%26userID%3d80bd87f5@ubc.ca/01cce4403500501ab585d%26config%3d%26PAGE%3d0&action=download&config=jstor][    Technology and Religious Change: Islam and the Impact of Print]], Francis Robinson, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1, Special Issue: How Social, Political and Cultural Information Is Collected, Defined, Used and Analyzed. (Feb., 1993), pp. 229-251.  -- [[file:///home/ducky/mnt/slug/ducky/school/ubc/libr548f/TechAndRelChangeIslamAndImpactPrint.pdf][local copy on slug]]  also listed as Francis Robinson, "Technology and Religious Change: Islam and rhe Impact of Print," MODERN ASIAN STUDIES  Vol 27 (Feb 1993) 229-251 and
   *  Juan R.I.Cole,"Printing and Urban Islam..." MODERNITY AND CULTURE ...ed. Leila Tarazi Fawaz, et.al. (Columbia U,2001)     KOERNER DS57 .M63 2002  ON REQUEST
Thomas Milo's work:
   * [[http://diwww.epfl.ch/w3lsp/conferences/ridt98/decotype.html][Authentic Arabic]] -- local copy decotype.html
   * [[http://www.decotype.com/AlKumbyuutar_cover_story.pdf]] (local copy)  -- mostly in Arabic, but with some technical discussion in English(?)
   * Tom mentioned something about the April issue of the Leiden academic journal Bibliotheca Orientalis
   * [[http://www.tradigital.de/specials/casestudies.htm][case studies]]  -- with links to his PDFs; this is from 18th Unicode conference -- Authentic Arabic: A Case Study. Right-to-Left Font Structure, Font Design, and Typography, cited by M Thomas - Manuscripta Orientalia, 2002 
      * [[http://www.tradigital.de/specials/studies/iuc20a.pdf][Intro]]
      * [[http://www.tradigital.de/specials/studies/iuc20b.pdf][tech and asthetic challenges]]
      * [[http://www.tradigital.de/specials/studies/iuc20c.pdf][right to left structure]]
      * [[http://www.decotype.com/publications/Language_Culture_Type.pdf][Arabic script and typography]] / Thomas Milo, From Language culture type : International Type Design in the Age of Unicode, John D Berry, 2002, English Book Book ix, 373 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 31 cm., New York, N.Y. : ATypI : Graphis, ; ISBN: 1932026010 
      * [[file:///home/ducky/mnt/slug/ducky/school/ubc/libr548f/MiloAuthenticArabic.pdf][Authentic Arabic 2]] -- from 20th IUC
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Topic revision: r7 - 2005-11-24 - TWikiGuest